Grow: minoxidil
Supports the growth phase of the hair cycle. Used by men and women, as a topical or a low-dose pill. It does not block DHT.
Protect: finasteride or dutasteride
Lower DHT, the hormone behind male-pattern hair loss. Mainly used by men, and not for anyone who is or may become pregnant.
Rebalance: spironolactone
An anti-androgen commonly used off-label for female-pattern thinning. Often paired with minoxidil.
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Oral or topical? Topicals keep treatment mostly on the scalp but need daily application. Pills are simpler but act on the whole body. In a 2024 randomized trial in men, oral minoxidil 5 mg was not superior to 5% topical minoxidil after 24 weeks; both improved hair density.
Minoxidil, finasteride or dutasteride? They work differently, which is why they are often combined. Oral finasteride 1 mg improved hair counts versus placebo over two years in trials of 1,553 men. Dutasteride lowers DHT more than finasteride and increased hair count more in a 24-week trial, but its hair-loss use in the U.S. is off-label.
One ingredient or a combination? Single ingredients make it easier to tell what is working and what is causing a side effect. Combination formulas cover more than one pathway in one product, with more ingredients that can irritate.
Men and women. Minoxidil is used by both. Finasteride and dutasteride are mainly for men. Spironolactone and the women’s formulas are designed for female-pattern thinning.
Tradeoffs and safety. Topicals can cause scalp irritation and early shedding. Oral minoxidil most often causes unwanted body or facial hair (about 15% in a study of 1,404 people). Finasteride can cause sexual side effects in a small minority. Spironolactone needs attention to potassium, kidney function and pregnancy.
Formulation context. These studies tested individual medicines. Avono’s compounded combinations were not themselves studied in these trials.